@PhDThesis{Moraes:2002:PaPrRa,
author = "Moraes, Elisabete Caria",
title = "Parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos processos radiativos em modelo
clim{\'a}tico simples",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2002",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2002-02-08",
keywords = "meteorologia, radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o, modelos atmosf{\'e}ricos,
mudan{\c{c}}a clim{\'a}tica, efeitos de g{\'a}s estufa,
desflorestamento, radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar, radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o
atmosf{\'e}rica, meteorology, radiation, atmospheric models,
climate change, greenhouse effect, deforestation, solar radiation,
atmospheric radiation.",
abstract = "Modelos de transfer{\^e}ncia radiativa solar e termal, baseados
em parametriza{\c{c}}{\~o}es dos processos de transfer{\^e}ncia
radiativa sofisticados e eficientes computacionalmente, foram
implementados em um modelo atmosf{\'e}rico estat{\'{\i}}stico
din{\^a}mico com vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o acoplada (MED),
objetivando simular o clima m{\'e}dio zonal anual e os
poss{\'{\i}}veis impactos clim{\'a}ticos provenientes de
a{\c{c}}{\~o}es antropog{\^e}nicas. Com o intuito de verificar
a acur{\'a}cia dos modelos de transfer{\^e}ncia radiativa,
realizou-se a compara{\c{c}}{\~a}o das grandezas
radiom{\'e}tricas simuladas por estes modelos com os dados
observacionais obtidos na campanha Wet Season Atmospheric
Mesoscale Campaign / Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment
in Amazonia em dois s{\'{\i}}tios experimentais: floresta
primitiva e pastagem. Na an{\'a}lise estat{\'{\i}}stica
observou-se a alta confiabilidade nas simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es
provenientes do modelo de transfer{\^e}ncia radiativa solar e uma
boa concord{\^a}ncia das grandezas termais, principalmente, para
a regi{\~a}o de pastagem. As simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es apresentaram
erros m{\'e}dios da mesma ordem ou at{\'e} menores do que os
erros instrumentais, exceto para o caso da radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o
solar refletida. De forma geral, a vers{\~a}o atual do MED
conseguiu reproduzir bem as caracter{\'{\i}}sticas m{\'e}dias
zonais anuais do clima presente, quando comparados com os dados de
rean{\'a}lise do National Centers for Environmental Prediction /
National Center for Atmospheric Research, apresentando melhoras
nas simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es do clima m{\'e}dio zonal anual
presente, exceto nas simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es das vari{\'a}veis
din{\^a}micas. Os impactos m{\'e}dios zonais anuais
clim{\'a}ticos continentais causados pelo desflorestamento foram
a redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do saldo de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o e,
conseq{\"u}entemente, um aumento na temperatura da
superf{\'{\i}}cie e uma redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o na
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, o que concorda com in{\'u}meros
experimentos de desflorestamento realizados atrav{\'e}s de
modelos de circula{\c{c}}{\~a}o geral. Ao considerar o
desflorestamento conjuntamente com altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es dos
gases-estufa, verificou-se que as altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es nas
caracter{\'{\i}}sticas de superf{\'{\i}}cie influenciam mais o
balan{\c{c}}o de energia e a parti{\c{c}}{\~a}o desta do que as
altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es das concentra{\c{c}}{\~o}es de
gases-estufa. Nos experimentos de duplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o e
quadruplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o do CO2, e de previs{\~a}o para 2100 de
aumento nas concentra{\c{c}}{\~o}es de CO2 e CH4, e do CO2, CH4,
N2O e O3 troposf{\'e}rico definidos pelo Intergovernmental Painel
on Climate Change, verificou-se que as altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es no
balan{\c{c}}o radiativo provocaram aumentos na temperatura do ar
{\`a} superf{\'{\i}}cie, sendo estes mais acentuados nas
regi{\~o}es polares, e redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o na
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. As maiores altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es foram
verificadas com a quadruplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de CO2. No experimento de queima da
biomassa da Floresta Amaz{\^o}nica verificou-se que os
aeross{\'o}is carbonaceous foram os respons{\'a}veis pela maior
redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do fluxo de calor sens{\'{\i}}vel, enquanto
que a altera{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos par{\^a}metros de
superf{\'{\i}}cie provocou a maior redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do fluxo
de calor latente. A queima de biomassa provocou um aumento na
temperatura da superf{\'{\i}}cie e uma redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o na
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. ABSTRACT: Shortwave and longwave
radiative transfer models, based on sophisticated and numerically
efficient parameterizations of radiative transfer processes, were
implemented in a coupled vegetation statistical-dynamical
atmospheric model (MED), in simulating the annual zonal mean
climate and anthropogenic climate impacts. In order to verify the
radiative transfer models accuracy, comparisons between
radiometric variables from model simulations and observational
data set, which are obtained during the Wet Season Atmospheric
Mesoscale Campaign / Large-Scale Biosphere- Atmosphere Experiment
in Amazonia, were accomplished at two experimental sites:
primitive forest and pasture. Statistical analyses indicated that
the shortwave radiative transfer model simulations are trustful,
and that the longwave radiation simulations agree with the
observational data, especially, over pasture region. The radiative
transfer model simulations showed mean errors of the same order or
lower than the instrumentation error, except in reflected solar
radiation. In general, the recent version of MED were able to
simulate the present annual zonal mean climate, when compared with
National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ National Center for
Atmospheric Research reanalysis data, improving the results of the
present annual zonal mean climate, except in dynamic variable
simulations. The impacts on the annual zonal mean continental
climate due to the deforestation were the reduction of the net
radiation, the surface temperature increase, and the precipitation
decrease. These results are in agreement with several global
circulation model deforestation experiments. The greenhouse
effects regarding the deforestation experiments showed that the
surface parameters modifications influence more the radiation
budget and energy partition. Over deforested areas, the greenhouse
experiments showed that the surface parameters modifications have
more influence than the greenhouse effects increase on the
radiation budget and energy partition. The modifications in the
net radiation regarding the experiments of: doubling and
quadruplication of CO2, concentration increase of CO2 and CH4, and
concentration increase of CO2, CH4, N2O, and tropospheric O3,
where the two later concentration increases were predicted to 2100
by Intergovernmental Painel on Climate Change, indicated that air
temperature close to the ground was increased with higher values
over polar region in both Hemispheres, and precipitation
reduction. The higher changes in air temperature and precipitation
fields were obtained during the quadruplication CO2 experiment. In
the Amazon Forest burning experiment, the carbonaceous were the
primarily cause of the sensible heat flux decreases, and the
surface parameters were the primarily cause of the latent heat
flux reduction. Furthermore, the biomass burning caused surface
temperature increase and precipitation decrease.",
committee = "S{\'a}, Leonardo Deane de Abreu (presidente) and Rao, Vadlamudi
Brahmananda (orientador) and Franchito, Sergio Henrique
(orientador) and Andr{\'e}, Rom{\'{\i}}sio Geraldo Bouhid and
Tarasova, Tatiana Aleksandrovna",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Parameterization of radiative processes in simple climate
models.",
language = "pt",
pages = "295",
ibi = "6qtX3pFwXQZ3P8SECKy/Egaxq",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/6qtX3pFwXQZ3P8SECKy/Egaxq",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}